Systems (More Electric + more efficient).
Many significant systems-level improvements are emerging in the next generation of advanced concept aircraft. Systems opportunities include low power wing anti ice; improved battery energy efficiency and energy density maturity for systems energy; single pilot operations ; advanced fly-by-wire; hydrogen fuel cells for systems; and “ fly-by-wireless ” and “ fly-by-light ”, partially tied to miniaturisation of avionics . Important guidance for this effort is provided in the latest revision of SAE document ARP 475 ( Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems ) and ARP 476124 ( Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment) .